What is the 1855 Bordeaux classification?
Quick answer
The 1855 Classification is a historic ranking of Bordeaux wines created for the Paris World Exhibition. It ranks 61 Médoc estates across five tiers (First to Fifth Growth), plus Château Haut-Brion from Graves and 27 Sauternes estates. It has been amended just once, in 1973.
Detailed answer
The 1855 Classification remains the world's most famous and influential wine ranking, despite being over 170 years old. Commissioned by Napoleon III for the Paris World Exhibition, it was drawn up by Bordeaux wine brokers based on the sale prices of estates — considered the best proxy for quality at the time.
Of the 61 classified Médoc châteaux, five sit at the summit as First Growths (Premiers Crus Classés): Lafite Rothschild, Latour, Margaux and Mouton Rothschild (all in Pauillac or Margaux) plus Haut-Brion (Pessac-Léognan, the only estate outside the Médoc). Below them are 14 Second Growths, 14 Third Growths, 10 Fourth Growths and 18 Fifth Growths.
A separate Sauternes classification was established simultaneously. Château d'Yquem holds a unique position as "Premier Cru Supérieur," above 11 First Growths and 15 Second Growths.
The only change in 170 years was Château Mouton Rothschild's promotion from Second to First Growth in 1973, championed by Baron Philippe de Rothschild. This rigidity is both the classification's strength and its weakness: it ensures stability and prestige, but no longer accurately reflects current relative quality. Some Fifth Growths now produce wines that outperform certain Second or Third Growths.
For savvy shoppers, the "super seconds" — Second Growths that rival First Growths in quality — often offer better value. Explore classified Bordeaux on expertvin.be.