What is the Saint-Émilion classification?

The Saint-Émilion classification was established in 1955 by INAO at the request of the local wine syndicate, giving Bordeaux's Right Bank a hierarchy to match the Left Bank's 1855 Médoc classification. Its defining feature is the roughly decennial revision, allowing promotions and demotions — a democratic principle that has generated no shortage of drama.

The classification has two tiers. Premiers Grands Crus Classés A sit at the absolute summit — historically the exclusive domain of Ausone and Cheval Blanc since 1955. Angélus and Pavie were elevated to A in 2012. Premiers Grands Crus Classés B (12 to 14 estates depending on the revision) form the second tier of excellence. Grands Crus Classés (roughly 60 to 80 depending on the edition) make up the classified base.

Classification criteria assess wine quality (50% of the score, based on blind tastings across 10 vintages), reputation (standing and market price), and terroir (soil, exposure, grape varieties, viticultural practices). This system has sparked fierce legal battles: the 2006 classification was annulled by a court, the 2012 version was challenged, and the 2022 edition triggered the bombshell withdrawal of Cheval Blanc, Ausone, and Angélus, who deemed the process unfit for purpose.

The 2022 classification, published in September, finally promoted Château Figeac to Premier Grand Cru Classé A — a recognition many felt was decades overdue. But the absence of three departing châteaux has undermined its authority, and the system's future remains uncertain.

Don't confuse the classification with the "Saint-Émilion Grand Cru" appellation, which any Saint-Émilion producer can use if they meet stricter requirements (lower yields at 40 hl/ha, higher minimum alcohol at 11.5%). Around 200 properties carry this designation without being "classified."